Happiness in China

Presentation This paper for the most part centers around Chinese joy list and its impacting factors investigation. There are numerous things we are anxious to get, for example, opportunity, cash, promising employment, notoriety, and so forth. Be that as it may, we don't interest these things themselves, what we need is the improvement of satisfaction. Those things have esteem just when they straightforwardly or by implication advance the sentiment of satisfaction. Net national joy (GNH) is a marker that estimates personal satisfaction or social advancement in a logical term. During the 1970s, the ruler of Bhutan proposed the idea of Gross National Happiness.He accepted that legislature should plan to make bliss. The national bliss list ought to be improved incorporating the variables both in the material and in the profound. The GNH file distinguishes four part of national joy advancement: great administration, monetary development, social turn of events and ecological security (Hu, 2011). With the fast improvement in China, the administration takes the record to gauge the national joy. In any case, there is no careful quantitative definition about what number of components impact the GNH.The paper subsequently will break down the variables that sway China’s net national satisfaction from social, financial and politic point of view. Social Factors The instruction framework Education in China doesn't concentrate on the students’ down to earth capacity and interests in contemplating. These schools center around students’ test scores rather than the students’ potential. Instructors want to have the top understudies instead of â€Å"bad students†. A student’s scores speak to their character. From rudimentary to secondary school, understudies have no elective courses. The teachers’ task is to show understudies how to get high scores on the exams.The understudies are over pushed. They go to class around 6 o’cloc k in the first part of the day, they remain up learning around evening time (Hu, 2011). It is difficult to become unwind under such tension. On the off chance that understudies need to be confessed to top colleges, they need to concentrate hard. Examining is the main thing they have to do. The colleges simply require students’ extraordinary scores from the school selection test. Along these lines, an uncommon gathering of understudies called returning understudies who re-go to classes in the wake of bombing the school selection test. Numerous understudies re-go to secondary schools classes a seemingly endless amount of time after year until hello are admitted to a top college (Hu, 2011). The main scale to gauge one's ability is the confirmation. Besides, understudies would set up the postgraduate assessment so as to get a superior line of work. From rudimentary to the school, understudies care in vain with the exception of contemplating. The circumstance prompts a diminishing misery file for China’s understudy and their folks (Hu, 2011). Nature of marriage In China, marriage depends on one's family foundation, which is a noteworthy factor that influences numerous couples all things considered. Indeed, even in current occasions, an incredible number of youngsters in China will obey family arrangement.Oftentimes, if one's family live in poor conditions, the gathering will be dismissed by the different party’s family with a reason ( Luo, 2009). Indeed, even in marriage, the couples need to battle for their future, for example, house, vehicle, cash. On the off chance that the couple comes up short, they may separate from one another. Now and then, the marriage may just be chosen by the cash not friendship. This is the explanation that the Chinese couple have a low bliss file in marriage( Luo, 2009). Standardized savings framework China’s government disability framework isn't great and during the time spent transformation. What is more r egrettable, the maturing of society is the new weight included society security system.China’s populace keeps on developing. The master anticipated the all out populace will arrive at 1. 5 billion by the center of the 21th century, and the older populace will surpass 300 million. Because of the one-youngster strategy, the regular families have just a single kid. Accordingly, the quantity of retirees will keep on attempting to lessen the weight on their family (Hu, 2011). Moreover, the guarantee benefits and clinical protection framework is as yet inadequate in China. The individuals from family set aside cash for the more seasoned relative not for voyaging or engaging. In the event that somebody is debilitated in family, it could make the entire family in quandary (Hu, 2011).These circumstances place an overwhelming weight on more youthful ages. The youngsters have the obligation to deal with the guardians and to rise the people to come. The issue likewise builds the misery l ist for Chinese life. There are such huge numbers of social factors that impact the Chinese joy file. China’s government should take measures to give the individuals a greater situation for life to build joy record. Monetary Factors The cost of products In China, the cost of items has risen altogether. It has gone past the salary level of numerous basic people.Housing cost, particularly, has gone excessively high lately (Orlik, 2013). Numerous individuals in China bend over backward to acquire cash to purchase a house. They work day and night. They offer up the chance to travel. They dare not to have meals in eateries. They consider that whether they should purchase garments or not. All endeavors are made to purchase a house. Particularly, individuals who get cash from the banks are under a ton of weight for reimbursement. Their home loan installments are most piece of their month to month pay so they need more cash to spend on other things.Even on the off chance that they ar e not happy with the current work, they dare not to leave. Because of high lodging costs, numerous individuals have become captives to their homes and live under gigantic tension in all viewpoints. Shockingly, the costs of houses have gotten a lot higher! It is ungainly that a typical individual can't bear the cost of a typical house in China (Orlik, 2013). There is no uncertainty that the high products cost isn't useful for the physical and psychological wellness of the individuals. So as to have better living, the individuals pay the high cost.This circumstance isn't helpful for the improvement of bliss record in China (Orlik, 2013). Salary Inequality China has extraordinary financial development in the previous barely any decades. Be that as it may, the normal wages are higher in urban territories than in rustic zones. The marvel of salary disparity is evident in China(Finance and economics,2012). The pay of the famers is for the most part relied upon the land, however the agrari an yield is restricted. They can't get rich just by a couple of sections of land of land. A great deal of provincial occupants deserted their territory and go into refers to with nothing, these workers are called transient laborers.They can do are restricted occupation because of the absence of expert expertise. Ladies worked in labor-serious products and ventures with the base wages. Men filled in as manufacturers taking a chance with their lives. All the more seriously, they may not be paid after the work is done. Indeed, even through transient workers live in a similar city with urban occupants, their day to day environments are absolutely different(Finance and economics,2012). The imbalance pay make the works live in the base in the urban areas. Be that as it may, transient workers despite everything would prefer not to return home because of the more terrible living condition.These circumstances cause vagrant workers to have low satisfaction index(Finance and economics,2012). C hance of occupation The unevenness of work among flexibly and request exists in China. China is in the pinnacle of the populace, there are a ton of laborers need employments. For the country workers, they might want to go to urban for better life condition. The urban has an expanding pressure on business on the grounds that the overflow rustic workers move to urban. The quick development of new laborers is unmistakably more than the development of occupation creation. The circumstance is additionally gone up against by the school graduates.The consistent improvement of Chinese advanced education has created hundreds and thousands of school graduates every year. Jobless school graduates become a typical wonder (Economy Watch, 2010). The joblessness issue impacts the joy list on Chinese individuals. All the more severely, it could prompt the social unstability. To take care of this social issue, the administration should put forth attempts for better utilize condition (Economy Watch, 2010). Political variables Democracy is characterized as the standard that oversees state undertakings as per the guideline of equity, the minority is subordinate to the majority.The United States and European nations have exceptionally developed vote based system. In any case, China is a creating country,much of the framework isn't great and it doesn't accomplish a total majority rule government. (Pei, 2013) In western nations, the partition of the forces is a political tenet. It is separated into official force, legal force and administrative force. Regardless of whether the president carries out wrongdoing, legal freedom can arraign his activity. For instance, the previous leader of Taiwan who overstepped the law, an autonomous legal executive made preliminary for him (Kelly, 2013).While China actualizes the arrangement of individuals' congress and the Communist Party orders all the framework, it delivers the law benefits. They utilize the benefit to degenerate and the subordinat e authorities give asylum to them. Besides, the wonder of pay off is extreme. Agents offer incentives to get the perfect position. These circumstances bring about individuals low bliss record (China day by day, 2010). Opportunity The political opportunity includes numerous angles including the right to speak freely of discourse, opportunity of amass and opportunity of vote, etc. These opportunities can view as the indication of human right.The political opportunity ought to be treated as a definitive objective of Chinese political change and improvement. The right to speak freely of discourse is the political option to impart one's suppositions and thoughts. While Chinese individuals nearly have no rights, the discourse against gathering or government is restricted by the truth of media and the web; Freedom of get together is the individual option to meet up and by and large express, advance, seek after and guard normal interests. Due

Information Flow Free Essays

There are numerous components that guide an association in being effective, anyway one of the key components is Information stream. In my Journal Entry I will depict the degrees of correspondence, both great and awful, that are found inside Johnson Matthey, my present boss. I will talk about the three primary administrative methodologies inside my organization that I have watched, and the three potential correspondence hindrances too. We will compose a custom exposition test on Data Flow or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The intrapersonal, relational, gathering, authoritative and intercultural levels of interchanges are all in plain view among the colleagues of Johnson Matthey. There are various levels inside the central station, situated in Wayne, PA. They are for the most part giving a similar item to the Oil and Gas Industry. Each level contains up to 45 representatives relying upon the office. Relational correspondence is ceaselessly directed inside each gathering with the goal that nothing ever becomes lost despite a general sense of vigilance. People are continually speaking with themselves because of the steady changes in materials required, which expects them to have the option to adjust to change rapidly. The workforce here is generally assorted, for the most part all men with degrees in The Sciences, however different foundations and instructive levels. We as a whole work in gatherings, every division is attached to the following, in this way requiring tight nit and close correspondence. Each office is basically similar to its own â€Å"clique†, everybody discusses the following division, and it’s sort of like noon in the cafeteria during secondary school. Contingent upon your area of expertise you can be taken a gander at as a companion or a foe, unfortunately in my profession, it’s elusive individuals who bolster you and back you up except if they are in your specialty. The lady here are desirous of one another, they don’t like to be eclipsed, particularly by novices or those of us who are more youthful. This sort of conduct can put a significant scratch on relational abilities. For the most part to show disdain toward somebody, however that’s still not a mindful method to deal with any circumstance. Data voyages by and large one way from our client (different Oil and Gas customers) to us. There are events when we have a little state so in the genuine item however generally it is an uneven show. We have our Regional Manager Andrew, our Offshore Manager Jim and our Operations Manager Roy. The manner in which it begins is, the activity comes into Andy, he decides whether it is an Onshore or Offshore task. On the off chance that it is resolved to be seaward, it goes to Jim, he works out the schematics of faculty with Chris and myself. Any spending questions, gear needs and so on must be cleared by me and afterward run over by Roy for definite endorsement. The channel utilized is by and large email from the customer to one of the site supervisors. The criticism comes once the work is finished and as long as we get a first rate report, at that point we get a decent â€Å"pat on the back† from upper administration, and we proceed onward to the following task. The elements of Y Hierarchy of administrative correspondences do exist inside this association. Our administrator is constantly making and empowering a superb workplace and giving chances to representatives to step up and self-course. The executives is continually searching for new ways for workers to make noteworthy commitments inside the association. Social, strengthening, and possibility are the three administrative correspondence moves toward that I include saw inside the association that I at present work for. Strengthening is the circulation or entrustment of intensity or power to his or hers subordinates inside an association. By and large utilized when upper administration is unemployed for certain measure of time. Strengthening likewise urges the representatives to get increasingly associated with the association. The possibility approach is seen a ton in our office. Our Operations Manager realizes that there is more than one approach to get a â€Å"A+† on our work, and whichever way creates the best outcome with minimal measure of cash and time spent, is commonly the way that is taken. This is likely the methodology seen generally around the Johnson Matthey association on account of the outcomes that are delivered. Social methodology accompanies trust and one’s individual character. Directors have been seen trusting and regarding the representatives more now than any other time in recent memory due the creation that every division has put out for our customers. Character, enthusiastic, and physical are the three potential boundaries to powerful correspondence inside Johnson Matthey, yet most associations. Everybody here has their own character and that can once in a while make an issue all through the business day. People are stacked with numerous qualities that make individual perspectives, approaches, points, peculiarities and various perspectives on the world, and how to deal with different circumstances. There are numerous events where this characteristic has slowed down correspondence between two people and for some situation hurt the general employment being finished. Passionate hindrances can by a wide margin be the most exceedingly awful thing out there, as far as correspondence in an organization. There are numerous people in my association that let things go directly to their heads and overlook that we are at the work environment. Feelings ought not be carried to work with you by any means, you ought to have the option to get over things and proceed onward with the activity. Particularly close to home clashes and individual issues. Your office and your collaborators are not the spot to manage those sorts of things. Supervisors are frequently observed utilizing a gentler touch to break through to the people with intense subject matters. Physical obstructions are one of the most widely recognized around my office however. There are numerous events that we are working with a divider between colleagues and with correspondence being the way in to our prosperity issue will by and large emerge on events. We have submitted questions on numerous events with similar outcomes â€Å"deal with it†. The most effective method to refer to Information Flow, Papers

Margaret Atwood Says Its OK to Read Whatever You Want

Margaret Atwood Says Its OK to Read Whatever You Want I recently had the pleasure of  reading  Margaret Atwoods book In Other Worlds. An essay collection that examines science fiction and her  relationship with it, In Other Worlds  is essentially a memoir of Atwoods reading life. Its a look at the books that shaped one of the most respected and beloved contemporary writers, and its a case for reading widely and without pretension. Here are four favorite quotesreally, the whole book is terrific and you should read itto remind you that yes, Veronica, it really is OK to read whatever the hell you want. For this recovering book snob, it was a timely reminder and a kick in the pass. After all, itf its good enough for  Margaret Atwood, its good enough for me. On reading Ray Bradbury when she was supposed to be doing homework: I was, in fact, leading a double life, or even a triple one: the terms highbrow, middle brow, and lowbrow were much in use at that timethe metaphor was based on some idea of Neanderthals having receding foreheadsbut I seemed to have a taste for all three kinds of brow, which I cant say ever disturbed me. On taking a course from an academic she greatly admired: He had the added benefit of being a reader at all three brow levels, which pleased me a lot; its always encouraging to be told that it is intellectually acceptable to read the sorts of things that you like to read anyway. (emphasis mine) On the joy of stumbling upon never-before-heard-of books in the library when you should be doing Very Serious Research: In those stacks there were more obscure books than you could ever hope to find elsewhere, even on the Internet today, and I whiled away many a misspent hour  reading about things that were none of my business. On the perks of growing up in a snobbery-free environment: Nor did I make any distinctions between great  literature and any other kind. I just liked  reading. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Much Ado About Nothing Gender Inequality Essay - 1176 Words

Much Ado About Nothing is one of Shakespeare’s more popular plays, a comedy loved by many, and produced still to this day. However, behind all the wordplay, misconception, and pranks Shakespeare successfully exposes the dark, ugly truth about gender roles and inequality within the Elizabethan society. The inequality of genders is prevalent in Beatrice’s language, how the male characters view women within the play, and the concept of honor. Beatrice is easily one of the biggest and roundest characters in Much Ado About Nothing. Shakespeare created Beatrice’s character in order to bring to the stage opposition to the â€Å"traditional woman† of the Elizabethan time and shed light on gender inequality. Hero seems to†¦show more content†¦Beatrice stands out as a character in Much Ado about nothing because she is a proud, strong female character, rare during Shakespeare’s time. She refuses to marry because she hasn’t found a perfect equal partner and is unwilling to submit her control and freedom to a husband. She yearns to be equal with men, something that challenges the gender inequality of Elizabethan time. The way Shakespeare has the men view the women characters in Much Ado About Nothing also gives insight into Elizabethan gender equality as well. Throughout the play women are referred to objects, and untrustworthy ones at that. Claudio asks Benedick early on his opinion of Hero, and the conversation turns quickly to talk of buying her and her â€Å"worthiness† of love and marriage. Her beauty and obedience are things that these men seem to value and think make her â€Å"worthy†. In Act 2 when Claudio is led to believe that Don Pedro stole Hero for himself, Benedick proclaims Don Pedro â€Å"stole your meat†. Objectifying the women makes it evident that the men believe the women have no real voice in any matter; they are there for the taking and meant to be submissive. The frequency of cuckolding jokes suggests that the men also believe that women by nature are untrustworthy and unfaithful. Benedick basically compares marriage to a prison â€⠀œ saying a married man is a man who gets cheated on. And before the men even â€Å"see† Hero in theShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesRural Poverty Portal * Contact us * Employment scam * Site map * Copyright * Subscribe * What s new * Accessibility ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Search Bottom of Form * Home * About * Operations * Development effectiveness * Evaluation * From the field * Partners * Topics * Newsroom * Events * Documents amp; publications * Photos * Videos * Jobs * Operations * Project cycle Read MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology

The Christian Views On Happiness - 2532 Words

India Perdue Writing 5 Deanne Harper 15 March 2016 The Christian Approach to Happiness How should we live in order to be happy? Western society, even academia, are thoroughly obsessed with this question. We observe happiness in unexpected ways and places, and see great damage done in its absence. We experience happiness as powerful and intoxicating. We assert confidently that it is good. We yearn to understand it, define it, and capture it. Happiness is the great enigma that even young children seem to feel, but even great scientists cannot fully explain. In every discipline happiness meets new definitions and explanations. Every discipline arrives at nuanced conclusions about the source of happiness and the most productive means of pursuit. Christian doctrine is no exception, both the Christian bible authors and the Christian writers that came after them grapple with ideas about the essence of happiness and how to approach it. While the world perceives ultimate freedom and autonomy as crucial in their pursuit of happiness, Christians assert that happiness is a product of committing to the things that you love and that bring you fulfillment. The Christian approach to happiness is embedded within a holistic framework to find fulfilment and meaning in life through worshipping God. In order to address the Christian approach to happiness, we must first establish what happiness is. Happiness as defined by the Merriam Webster dictionary is a state of well-being, contentment, orShow MoreRelatedThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1629 Words   |  7 Pagespeople to happiness? If there is a map, every human being can attain happiness easily. Is there any map for seeking happiness? How can people get hold of the ‘map’ to happiness? In order to attain happiness, there are different kinds of religions and philosophies that provide directions. There are many religions around the world that give people positive support for general and mental health and helping people to be happier in life. Also, many philosophers deal with the nature of happiness and theRead MoreBroadcasting Corporation s Decision On Broadcast Jerry Springer1685 Words   |  7 Pagesmade the decision to air it in 2005. I will be comparing the number of people who complained to the BBC to the total amount of people who watched the broadcast using viewing figures and charts. In addition, I will also look at the viewpoints of the Christian Voice Campaign who argued against the opera. Finally, I will also be using my knowledge of Utilitarianism and Kantianism while referencing the viewing figures and the BBC s general duty to the public to establish my thoughts on the BBC broadcastingRead MoreMoral Virtues Between Aristotle And St. Thomas Aquinas1147 Words   |  5 PagesDominican priest, brought up the element of moral virtues as well. This essay will establish that Aristotle’s belief of moral virtues seems to have impacted that of Aquinas’ and that he appeared to have furthered those ideas to apply to his own Christian values. It will be presented that the two philosophers were life affirming, but that when Aristotle focused on the way to moral virtues intrinsically, Aquinas’ focus was on the progress to morality for God. The second book of Nic omachean EthicsRead MoreNichomachean Ethics And Thomas Aquinas986 Words   |  4 Pagesgood, and happiness, specifically in Aristotle’s â€Å"Nichomachean Ethics† and Thomas Aquinas’ â€Å"On the Nature of Law.† And by examining these texts I wish to argue that even though they lived nearly 1000 years apart, Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas share the same overall view of justice, but they each follow different paths to reach that justice. Both Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas believe in the pursuit of happiness as a measure of justice and a desirable chief end of life. So in this view, all lawsRead MoreThe Philosophies Of Christianity And Buddhism Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as the author’s personal views and new perspectives, will also be discussed. Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity America is known as a melting pot of cultures, and because of this, health care providers encounter patients and families from a multitude of different backgrounds and religions. Every religion comes with its own set of beliefs, rituals, and worldview. What each culture or religion believes as truth can effect their view of health and wellness. Health careRead MoreThe Effect Of Western Morality And Its Strict Rules1205 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom eating any foods that is unsafe. Christian and Moral rules are not supposed to be taken as perfect facts instead Christians read them and leave them to be interpreted by the reader. Nietzsche contradicts himself when he says â€Å"Fortunately, no Christian acts in accordance with this precept† (347). Though I concede he is saying this statement in a snarky manner I maintain that it is still a valid argument. Nietzsche is saying that it is good that Christians don’t follow the ridiculous rules suchRead MoreBuddhism from a Christian View920 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism from a Christian View When the word Buddha is spoken the thoughts of Zen, peace and tranquility may come to mind. To the over 300 million Buddhist’s throughout the world Buddhism is much more than a religion, it is a way of life. The path of a Buddhist can be summed up in three simple sentences. The first, lead a moral life. The second, be mindful of your thoughts and actions and lastly, develop wisdom and understanding. Buddhism is said to explain injustice within the world and at theRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesare judged according to their consequences and the relevant consequence of every action is happiness. There is a similarity between religion and utilitarianism. For example, love includes wanting happiness and religious principles such as loving others the way you love yourself and doing to others what you expect them to you are founded on utilitarian principles. The ultimate goal for a utilitarian is happiness, which is also the main ob jective of religion. Utilitarian ethics replicates the main religiousRead MoreHappiness : The Goal Of Life1624 Words   |  7 PagesOutline THESIS: Happiness has many different interpretations throughout various religions and also many different definitions, but I believe that happiness is a goal and it all comes down to the way someone lives their life and their own thoughts. 1. Happiness: The Goal of Life a. Introduction 2. Religions Perspective on Happiness a. Overview of Religions b. Christians, Islamic and Judaism c. Buddhism and Taoism 3. People Throughout History’s Thoughts on Happiness a. Overview of Peoples PerspectivesRead MoreThe Challenges Of Leading A Good Life1691 Words   |  7 Pagesreally no hope of finding the good life, as people all try to fill the void in their lives. Then why has the Christian faith in God’s good work changed to that of the new church of self-prosperity? For without God people would keep climbing the ladder to what they feel should be the ultimate good, but coming away feeling empty and incomplete. Where is the wisdom in this because as Christians, God has called us to a higher standard, that needs to be more focused on living a Christ centered life. Not

Environment Free Essays

The environment around us consists of many different topics and issues. One little change in our environment is enough to determine the course of mankind. The world can only be preserved when we take action to study and save it. We will write a custom essay sample on Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Studying the cycles of the world and discerning the cause and effects of our actions will allow us to help keep a healthy environment and let us live an enjoyable life. The carbon cycle starts off in many different ways, fossil fuels, respiration, and factory emissions. Then as the cycle continues, carbon that is transmitted into the oxygen will then be taken in by plants and animals as they intake vegetables and other autotrophic organisms. Then as organisms and waste products die, they will start the process of decomposing and begin returning the carbon that they have taken during their lifetime. Without the carbon cycle, many of the worldly systems would stop functioning properly. For example problems like the increase of the greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone depletion, and acid rain would rise dramatically. Greenhouse gases are gases that help the planet trap heat and warmth. Carbon dioxide is one of these gases. Without carbon dioxide the world would become so cold that it would start freezing. Although carbon dioxide is needed for our survival on this world, humans have burned so much fossil fuel and imputed so much more carbon dioxide that it has started being harmful to our world. The heat trapped by the greenhouse gases is slowly but gradually increasing, this is slow increase in the heat is not only affecting the temperature but also causing global warming in various places around the world. Global warming is the increase in the normal temperature the 1990s to our current time. Global warming not only means the change in temperature but also the changes in solar radiance. Global warming causes the regular weather in different parts of the world to go haywire and temperatures to go to the extremes. The disease and sickness rate could also rise due to the weather becoming more suitable breeding grounds for various insects such as malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Another catastrophe would be ozone depletion. In the 1980s scientists discovered that the ozone had a hole in it. As they researched about the hole they found out that the cause was because of a carbon called chlorofluorocarbons. The scientists determined that this carbon was the leading cause of ozone depletion. From the hole in the ozone, problems such as more ultraviolet rays entering and a higher risk of skin cancer can occur. Scientists predict that more than one million people will die from skin cancer because of the extra ultraviolet rays. Acid rain is also a cause to be worried about because its potential to harm is very high as well. Acid rain is caused by gases and chemicals that are released into the air by factories and chemical plants. Gases such as nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and lead are all gases that can pollute the rain-making clouds. Acid rain is extremely harmful to our environment because it can kill off many animals and plants not only on land but in the ocean too. The acid rain infects fishes in the ocean and poisoning the fish that breathe the water and the larger fish that eat the already poisoned fish getting poisoned along with many others. Rain that lands on plants will cause the plants to get poisoned and eventually when the producers of the food chain run out, other life will stop as well. In conclusion our environment is something that can affect us drastically, if we do not keep things in the right shape, the carbon cycle and all the other cycles will cause disasters that will leave us no time to fix or regret. How to cite Environment, Essay examples

Case Study on Building Contract Law Case Study

Question: John agrees to build an extension to Chens house. At the time they enter the agreement, the price of building materials is increasing week by week. John is reluctant to set a price for the work until he knows how much it is going to cost. Chen agrees in the contract that he will pay John the purchase price of materials as at the date of completion plus $6000 for labour. The parties also agree that the work must be completed by the end of June, as Chens family is coming to visit him at that time. Before the work begins, there is an unexpected increase in labour costs and an equally unexpected drop in the price of building materials. John tells Chen that he will need to increase the labour component to $10,000 or not do the job at all. Chen is anxious that the work be completed by the end of June so reluctantly agrees to the change. John builds the extension but does not finish it until the middle of July. Because of this, Chen had to pay for his family to stay in a hotel for three wee ks at a total cost of $3000. Chen is now refusing to pay John more than the price of materials plus $6000 for labour. In addition, he wants John to compensate him for the money he had to pay for the hotel. Required: Answer the following questions. In each case, give reasons for your answers, and support your reasons with case law. a. Is there a valid enforceable contract between Chen and John?b. What arguments could Chen use to support his refusal to pay John more than theoriginal agreed price? c. What arguments could Chen use to support his claim for compensation for the hotel?d. What arguments could John use to support his claim to the $10,000 he wants Chen topay? Answer: The given questions have been answered below. 1. Is there a valid enforceable contract between Chen and John? Issue: The question that has been given, itself is the issue, which is, if the contract between Chen and John is a valid one? Rule: contract(or informally known as anagreementin somejurisdictions) is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or moreparties, each of whom intends to create one or more legalobligationsbetween them. The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchanges "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation."- Common Law Legal System. Analysis: the common law system and the contract law of Australia tell us that contract can be formed when certain conditions are fulfilled. When two or more parties (Chen and John), have a lawful object (building of the house extension), where john agrees to build the extension of Chens house (legal work) on a payment of certain sum (consideration) within the given period of time. When the definition of the contract is analyzed and the given situations is considered it can be seen that it lies parallel to one another. It also creates a mutual obligation between them which is that John would build the extension of the house within the given period of time and Chen in return will give him the payment they have agreed upon. Conclusion: the contact law and the common law give a definition of how a valid enforceable contract can be formed. And the situation given fulfills all the given criteria; hence the contract between John and Chen is a valid enforceable contract. Case law where the offer was a valid one: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 2. Issue: What arguments could Chen use to support his refusal to pay John more than the Original agreed price? Rule: a contract is formed on agreed terms between the parties who are getting into the agreement. Here the terms and the considerations has already been decided and no clause has been put in, as to change in either because of unforeseen circumstances, and since when entering into a contract the parties are into a mutual obligation to complete the given work within the stipulated time, Chen can refuse to pay on the basis of breach of duty or the mutual obligation by the other part (John) - Contract Law Analysis: when we refer to the issue we see that there was a particular compensation that Chen had agreed to pay to John for building up the extension of his house within the given period of time, because his family needed accommodation after that time. what is seen after that is that there is an increase in the labor costs while there is a decrease in the price of the materials required for the building up of the extension, and because of this john asks an increase in the labor price, or else he would not work for Chen, to which Chen reluctantly agreed because he wanted the work to be complete within the given period of time. But the work though is completed has taken one and a half more months, and because of this Chen had to face difficulties and pay extra for his familys accommodation. What we see is that Chen had agreed to pay the given price only on one condition that is the extension should have been completed by June, which certainly has not been done. When the only reason on which the extra payment was agreed upon is not kept in mind by John, Chen can hence deny the payment on ground of breach of duty of John, and can therefore refuse to pay the extra charges that John had asked for. Conclusion: the Contract Law provides provisions for the plaintiff if there is a breach of duty by the defendant, and hence gives provisions for the plaintiff to act in a certain manner when the duty has not been fulfilled. Hence there are reasons which Chen can when he refuses to pay the extra amount of labor cost as his work was not done according to the terms of the contract. Case law: for breach of duty when a contract have been formed- Payless Travel v Baba Krupa Holidays [2004] All ER (D) 503 3. Issue: What arguments could Chen use to support his claim for compensation for the hotel? Rule: Damages for breach of contract are viewed as a 'substitute' for performance - consequently, they are designed to put the plaintiff in the position they would have been in had the contract been performed properly. Punitive damages are not available. The loss claimed must not be too remote from the breach and the non-breaching party must do what is reasonable to reduce (mitigate) the damage they suffer.- Australian Contract Law. analysis: what has been discussed earlier is the part where John has delayed the making of the extension of the house by one and a half months which in a way is breach of duty because the terms of the contract which John and Chen had got into clearly stated that the extension of the house was to be completed by June because Chen needed the accommodation for his family who would arrive by then. And this was the only reason why eventually and reluctantly Chen had agreed on paying more labor cost to John. But since this term was ignored and the work took longer, Chen had to find accommodation for his family in the hotel for which he had to incur a cost of $3000 which could have been uncalled for if the house would have built on time. Conclusion: award for damages are compensatory states the central principle which is governing this law, hence Chen can claim his incurred cost from John. Case law regarding award for damage/loss: (HLA [110-11060] eg. Johnson v Perez (1988) 166 CLR 351 at 355). 4. Issue: What arguments could John use to support his claim to the $10,000 he wants Chen to pay? Rule: This is a rule of evidence that precludes a person from denying the truth of some promise made by him or her of the existence of facts whether existing or not which he or she has by words or conduct led another to believe in.- promissory/equitable/estoppels under the Contract Law. Analysis: when the given case is considered it is seen that though John took more than the required time, he actually built the house extension, putting in the labor which was required in spite of the increased labor price (after Chen had agreed), and also that the materials had been used, for which Chen should pay., moreover Chen had agreed on paying the extra cost that was required by John for the labor and material input. By brining in the estoppels method, John can claim that Chen had actually promised him to pay the increased amount of labor cost and the material cost which on completion of the house extension, he cannot refuse to pay. It was only after Chen had agreed to pay for the increased prices that John had started working. This case may also see the reference where the third party (labor force used by John to complete the completion of the house) is used, and thus their payment has to be made as well from the payment that comes from Chen. Though the time taken by John to complete the house extension was more than promised, but he can also claim that the house extension wasnt left incomplete, but was completed over the period of time. moreover if Chen was to refuse the payment which included the extra labor cost and also the price of the materials which have been used by John for completing the extension of the house, he could have said that when John asked for the extra payment or maybe just as the due date for building the house extension was crossed, without waiting for the completion to take place on a full and final basis. No earlier notice had been given to John regarding the nonpayment of the labor costs or the material costs, which had already been spent from Johns side for completing the extension of Chens house. Conclusion: what can be concluded after looking aspects of the contract law is that estoppels can be used as an argument by John in order to get the $10,000 from Chen which had been earlier promised by him, because of the increased labor cost and since, the house had been already completed, and that Chen had not given any notice regarding the nonpayment of labor costs earlier, John can actually go ahead and claim the money with the help of the given branch of contract law. Case laws: where estoppels has been used as a defense or as an argument to get the other party to act in a certain way- Waltons case, Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher (1988) 164 CLR 387 and Central London Property Trust v High Trees House Ltd[1947] 1 KB 130. References (2006).Contract law: Topic 2 Common law elements of contracts.Available: https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/19194J/commerc_law/lo/u5_t2_commonlaw/u5_t2_commonlaw_02.htm. Last accessed 14th Jan 2015. John Arthur. 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